Louis Armstrong The Era Of Jazz - 1449 Words

Louis Armstrong once said â€Å"If you ask what jazz is, you’ll never know.† Armstrong was conveying the message that jazz is whatever the performer makes of it, for there are no rules or restrictions on what the performer can do. Louis Armstrong was a famous jazz trumpeter from New Orleans who influenced the era of jazz tremendously throughout the years with his unique style, which included bringing in improvisation to pieces. The quote stated earlier can be applied to life, showing that in order to influence others or make a change, they have to experience it and make the experience their own. For instance, if somebody wants to be a teacher, it would be better for them to experience teaching first hand rather than just learning the effective teaching methods. â€Å"Satchmo†, one of Armstrong’s nicknames, had a loose idea of what jazz was, he made it his own and everybody loved the approach that he took. Louis Armstrong was an important figure in 1920â⠂¬â„¢s American History as he tremendously influenced the jazz era by forming it into what it is today. The influential trumpeter was born on August 4th, 1901 but, he believed that his birthday was on July 4th, 1900. He lived in a poverty stricken section of New Orleans, Louisiana that was so violent it was called â€Å"The Battlefield.† â€Å"The heros of his neighborhood were pimps and gamblers. ‘I was brought up around them people,’ he said. ‘They lived happily and they didn’t have a whole lot of money†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬  (Ward 40). This quote above showsShow MoreRelatedLouis â€Å"Satchmo† Armstrong was born on August 4, 1901. Like most jazz musicians from his era, he1100 Words   |  5 PagesLouis â€Å"Satchmo† Armstrong was born on August 4, 1901. Like most jazz musicians from his era, he had his roots in New Orleans, Louisiana. Armstrong is widely regarded as one of the greatest jazz musicians of all time. He was born to 16 year old Mayann Albert and her boyfriend Willie Armstrong. Soon after his birth, Willie left Mayann only to return a few years later, have another child, Beatrice, before leaving once again. When his father left the first time, Louis was placed into the care of hisRead MoreLouis Armstrong And Duke Ellington804 Words   |  4 Pagesyears the music genre Jazz has changed dramatically. With all the changes that has happened some aspects of the genre remained or endured little change. One trait in jazz that remained throughout all the success of the genre is certain composers. The instruments had a slight change through the years but it still continue to be tight throughout. Throughout jazz there is a couple of ledges that had their hands in the success of the jazz genre as a whole. Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington areRead MoreMusic is an art that has been in this world for tens of thousands of years and has proven its900 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough the jazz era ended almost a century ago, this time influenced by Louis Armstrong was a huge cultural shift that still remains in our society in which African-Americans are a vast part of our music industry amongst pop, rap, reggae, and more. Jazz was a unique form of music, there had never been anything like it before. It was rebellious, rhythmic, and it broke the rules- musical and social. It started a musical revolution, â€Å"With its offbeat rhythms and strange melodies, jazz was blamed forRead MoreJazz Music : Louis Armstrong1363 Words   |  6 PagesJazz became a genre of music that emerged from the influence of ragtime, blues, and brass bands. Though jazz owes its many developments to various influential figures, Louis Armstrong is the figure that stands out most prominently—forming innovative techniques that would still be followed decades later. He recorded groundbreaking records and was able to demonstrate that solo improvisation was just as fascinating as collective improvisation. Armstrong contributed to jazz in ways that set templatesRead MoreImportance of Louis Armstrong1568 Words   |  7 PagesLouis Armstrong Louis Armstrong was the greatest of all Jazz musicians. Armstrong defined what it was to play Jazz. His amazing technical abilities, the joy and spontaneity, and amazingly quick, inventive musical mind still dominate Jazz to this day. Only Charlie Parker comes close to having as much influence on the history of Jazz as Louis Armstrong did. Like almost all early Jazz musicians, Louis was from New Orleans. He was from a very poor family and was sent to reform school when he was twelveRead MoreLouis Armstrong And Jazz Age1128 Words   |  5 Pagesknown as the Jazz Age, Francis Scott Fitzgerald said â€Å"it was an age of miracles, it was an age of art, it was an age of excess, and it was an age of satire. Music also plays a big role in The Great Gatsby. One singer that was popular in the 1920s was Louis Armstrong he was known as the King of Jazz. Louis Armstrong was born on August 4, 1901 in New Orleans, Louisiana. Armstrong was born and raised in New Orleans he was the son of a prostitute and an absent father. Louis Armstrong grew up withRead MoreLouis Armstrong : The Influential Shapers Of Jazz Music1311 Words   |  6 PagesLouis Armstrong is one of the influential shapers of Jazz music. Armstrong had an ability to master both the instrumental and vocal aspects of older Jazz, and hence revolutionized contemporary jazz. Armstrong’s ability changed his position in the band. He quickly became the centerpiece of a performance, while other performers became more of a background due to his incomparable talent in both vocals and the cornet. This helped emphasize his unique style of performance of contemporary jazz. Armstrong’sRead MoreLouis Armstrong : An Era Of Fast Beat And Improvised Style1121 Words   |  5 PagesThe 1920s, also known as the Jazz Age, was an era of fast beat and improvised style. Jazz was one of the many things which helped to symbolize the decade’s spirit of freedom (Digital History). The roots of Jazz music go back as far as slavery in the 1600s. As Africans were taken from their homes and forced to come to North America, they were able to keep many of their traditions, one including music (January, Brendan, and Francois Roca). Through the years, African music styles combined with EuropeanRead MoreLouis Armstrong and His Music Essay1366 Words   |  6 PagesLouis Armstrong and His Music â€Å"The essence of jazz- making something new out of something old, making something personal out of something shared- has no finer exemplar than Armstrong.† (Hasse par. 3) During the 1920’s a young African American man, otherwise known as Louis Armstrong, helped create and represent a new twist on popular music. This music that became so famous and well loved today is also referred to as jazz. Louis Armstrong had a very successful jazz career performing and composingRead MoreA Survey Of Jazz : Louis Armstrong1056 Words   |  5 PagesRicky Vong 10/7/14 Music 1236 Survey of Jazz Louis Armstrong From its inception, Jazz has applied both innovative approaches in different degrees and boundless configuration. And has continually amplified, progress, and modify music through various distinctive episodes of growth. So, an all-encompassing denotation of jazz is likely vain. Additionally, jazz as a music whose prime attribute was â€Å"improvisation,† for example, revealed to be too regulated and chiefly false. Meanwhile composition

Sweetheart Of The Song Tra Bong Essays - 756 Words

In the short story, â€Å"Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong,† by Tim O’Brien, the author shows that no matter what the circumstances were, the people that were exposed to the Vietnam War were affected greatly. A very young girl named Mary Anne Bell was brought by a boyfriend to the war in Vietnam. When she arrived she was a bubbly young girl, and after a few weeks, she was transformed into a hard, mean killer. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Mark Fossie decided he was going to sneak his girlfriend onto his base in Vietnam. When she arrived, Rat Kiley described her like this, â€Å"A tall big-boned blonde. At best, Rat said, she was seventeen years old, fresh out of Cleveland Heights Senior High. She had long white legs and blue eyes and a complexion†¦show more content†¦He was proud, yes, but also amazed. A different person, it seemed, and he wasn’t sure what to make of it.† She stopped wearing makeup and jewelry. She cut her hair short and wrapped it in a dark bandana. She was beginning to look like a man. She learned how to shoot a gun. Mary Anne began talking her and Mark’s future. Instead of getting married like they had planned, she wants to just live together for a while to see what it’s like. Everything about her was changing. She was no longer bubbly, she rarely laughed, and she was going off on her own more and more. One night she never came home. She had spent all night with the green berets on ambush. When Mary returned, she was hardly recognizable. Mark was fed up, he made her wash her hair and clean up. Things seemed to be all right. But there was a great deal of tension between them. Finally, Mark started talking about sending her back home. Mary Anne was gone the next morning along with the 6 other green berets. When she returned, her appearance had completely changed. â€Å"It was then, Rat said, that he picked out Mary Anne’s face. Her eyes seemed to shine in the dark-not blue, though, but a bright glowing jungle green. She did not pause at Fossie’s bunker. She cradled her weapon and moved swiftly to the Special Forces hooch and followed the others inside.† When Mark entered the green berets hooch, he first thought he saw the same old sweet Mary Anne. She was wearing a pink sweater and a skirt. But there was noShow MoreRelatedSweetheart Of The Song Tra Bong Analysis1265 Words   |  6 PagesOn page 92 in â€Å"Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong,† Rat Kiley uses the simile â€Å"...like a cheerleader visiting the opposing teams locker room,† to describe the sight of Mary Anne visiting the village of Tra Bong. Mary Anne is compared to a cheerleader because she is a young cute girl all dolled up in nice clothes while visiting a poor village with â€Å"thatched roofs† and â€Å"naked children.† This simile is to compare the odd sight of a well dressed girl in this run down village in Vietnam, to illustrate howRead More Sweetheart of the Song of Tra Bong as Metaphor Essay1150 Words   |  5 PagesSweetheart of the Song of Tra Bong as Metaphor  Ã‚   The Vietnam War is a strange and unexplainable event in American history. The controversies surrounding the American involvement in Vietnam and the need for Vietnam veterans to tell their stories of the war are prevalent in the post-Vietnam culture of America. The stories that will last forever are those that swirl back and forth across the border between trivia and bedlam, the mad and the mundane(89). The story of the sweetheart of the SongRead More Transformation in Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong Essay808 Words   |  4 Pages Transformation in Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong In Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong, Tim OBrien gives a dynamic example of how even the deep roots of ones culture can be modified. The focus is on the young lady, whose boyfriend manages to have her shipped over to Vietnam from the U.S. She is then thrown into a completely foreign culture that thousands of American GIs were experiencing. This change in culture affected the strongest and most skilled of Americas ground troops. The affectsRead MoreAnd Symbolism In Sweetheart Of The Song Tra Bong, By OBrien1362 Words   |  6 Pageswhere he has to make his life-changing decision. It appeals to the visual sense by describing the shoreline and even the sense of taste by talking about the tiny red berries that lined the bushes. Later in the story, during the chapter â€Å"Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong,† O’Brien describes a gory, even ferocious side of someone that most of his readers had probably never even thought possible. Mary Anne Bell had just come back with the Green Berets, and here the narrator is describing the horrific necklaceRead MoreAnalysis Of Sweetheart Of The Song Tra Bong In Things They Carried889 Words   |  4 PagesThings They Carried Essay Anything can change a person if they are not ready for that change. The short story Sweetheart of The Song Tra Bong, in Things They Carried, by Tim O’Brien represents this by showing change in Mary Anne, who is a character the reader probably would not expect to see in a book about the Vietnam War. There are many parts show the change in her from the average high school girl she used to be into a predatory killer, but there is only one reason for her change, and that isRead MoreCharacter Analysis of Mary Anne Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong1305 Words   |  6 Pages English 1020 22 February 2012 Mary Anne Bell of â€Å"Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong† by Tim O’Brian It is a well known fact that experiencing war changes people; there is an innocence that is forever lost. In Tim O’Brian’s, â€Å"Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong†, Mary Anne Bell is an unusual example of the innocence that is lost in war because unlike the rest of the soldiers, she is a woman. Mary Anne’s transformation from innocent â€Å"sweetheart† to fierce warrior left readers with mixed emotions becauseRead More Exposing the Truth in Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong Essay2210 Words   |  9 PagesExposing the Truth in Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong   Ã‚   Dear Mom and Dad: The war that has taken my life, and many thousands of others before me, is immoral, unlawful, and an atrocity, (letter of anonymous soldier qtd. In Fussell 653). Tim OBrien, a Vietnam war vet, had similar experiences as the soldier above. Even though OBrien didnt die, the war still took away his life because a part of him will never be the same. Even in 1995, almost thirty years after the war, OBrien wroteRead More Comparing Mary Anne in Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong and Kurtz in Apocalypse Now2602 Words   |  11 PagesComparing Mary Anne in Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong and Kurtz in Apocalypse Now  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   In 1979, Francis Coppola released a film that he said he hoped would give its audience a sense of the horror, the madness, the sensuousness, and the moral dilemma of the Vietnam war (as quoted in Hagen 230). His film, Apocalypse Now, based on Joseph Conrads 1902 novel Heart of Darkness, is the story of Captain Benjamin Willards (Martin Sheen) journey to the interior of the jungle of Southeastern AsiaRead MoreLoss, a Common Theme in Sweetheart of the Song Trabong and Fences1419 Words   |  6 PagesMark Fossie from the â€Å"Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong† and Troy Maxson from â€Å"Fences† are two different literary characters in two different types of literary work that have many similarities. The â€Å"Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong† written by Tim O† Brien is a fiction story. â€Å"Fences† by August Wilson is a play. Both of these literature works have a theme of loss, whether it is of the character himself or someone the character loves deeply. The loss can be a physical loss of the person through deathRead MoreThe Endorphins Start Of The Song Tra Bong1162 Words   |  5 Pagesbecome intimate with danger; you’re in touch with the far side of yourself, as though it’s another hemisphere, and you want to string out and go wherever the trip takes you and be host to all the possibilities inside yourself.† (Page 109, Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong†) Definition: noun 1. any of a group of peptides occurring in the brain and other tissues of vertebrates, and resembling opiates, that react with the brain s opiate receptors to raise the pain threshold. Divestiture: â€Å"And what preps Milkman

Human Sleep and cognitive brain responses - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Human Sleep and cognitive brain responses. Answer: Introduction Sleep quality can be described as a person satisfaction from the sleep experience which includes initiation of sleep, sleep maintenance, quantity of sleep and refreshment after waking up from sleep. Sleep quality is an important for the researchers and the clinicians due to the high incidence of insomnia and sleep disorders and also the clear relation of proper functioning of health (1). This study is divided in to two parts: the first part is based on literature review of the sleep quality study; the second part focusses on the comparative analysis of two research articles among and the comparative analysis includes biases, validity, reliability, limitations, and comment on sample size, application or implication of research, and culture, religion and gender. Literature review Source keyword used No. of literature returned no. of collected literature Elsevier impact of light on sleep 25 8 shift work and jet lag 30 6 anxiety and pain 35 7 effect on sleep due to chemical substances 44 5 Researchgate impact of light on sleep 30 3 shift work and jet lag 45 2 anxiety and pain 30 4 effect on sleep due to chemical substances 55 4 impact of light on sleep Light is one of the major disruptor of sleep. It affects the sleep of a person through delaying the sleep which makes it hard for an individual to sleep. The invention of light bulb in the late 19th century has made humans to receive more exposure to light during the nigh time in comparison to invention of light bulb before. Generalization Light affects the sleep quality of our body and makes it difficult for us to fall asleep both directly and indirectly. Light acts to disrupt the internal clock of the body which affects our preferred time to sleep. Light affects the internal clock present in our body through the various light sensitive cells. Specific discussion from literature Usage of the light emitting electronic devices that aid us to communicate, read, communicate, entertain has increased to a great extent. The usage of this devices before the bedtime greatly prolongs the time taken to fall asleep. This affects the circadian clock of the body and inhibits the release of the hormone, melatonin. This reduction in the amount of the hormone affects the timing of sleep to a large extent (2, 3, 4, 5, 6). Portable devices like mobile phones, computer monitors, reading devices have affected the melatonin secretion due to the blue light emission from the emission from such devices. Light in the range of short wavelength (446-483 nm) affects adversely the melatonin secretion in humans. Whereas the blue light not only affects the melatonin secretion but also the cognitive performance and melatonin secretion through the non-image performing photoreceptors (7,8,9, 10). The circadian timing system within the human body is deeply synchronized with the several biochem ical and physiological processes, which also includes the regular rhythm of sleep order. Thus, the main inference is that the timing of the sleep and the duration is directly linked with the circadian clock. It has been found that the exposure to light at the evening and the early part of night, suppresses the release of the hormone melatonin even at low intensities. Due to this exposure, the circadian clock shifts to a later time which results in difficulty to fall asleep at night (11,12). Shift work and jet lag It is a normal phenomenon that our biological internal clock serves to work according to the time zone to which a person resides. However, problems occur when body gets exposure to light which changes depending to the sudden change in shift work or drastic change in time zone due to travel across different time zones. Generalization Individuals that frequent travel across the different time zones experience two different types of symptoms like insomnia when a person tries to stay awake when the internal clock resists to sleep. The other symptom is that when a person tries to sleep when the internal clock strongly forces the body to stay awake. This is a sort of an important concern for the society and the individuals. Even the tendencies of distorted sleep are noticed in police, nurses, physicians, air traffic controllers and airline pilots and public safety workers that have to work during the night shifts. The results however may be critical. Specificity For about 2 decades, the research on the change in shift work and the has revealed that, shift work has adversely caused fatigue and sleep disturbances among the workers. It has been found that the shift workers have experienced both the lack and difficulties in sleep. This difficulty on the other hand has resulted into excessive fatigue (13,14,15,16). Majority of the shift worker have complained that, they have experienced sleep during the work hours. This have adversely resulted into accidents and mishaps. The misalignment of the social sleep times (forced work) along with the circadian clock is noticed in the shift workers. The reason is that their body remains aligned with the natural clock of night and day cycles, but their work hours distorts the normal functioning of the circadian clock (17, 18, 19). The consequences of the sleep distortion arising due to the high speed travel across time zones leads to psychological disorientation and circadian disruption and as well as trave l disorientation. When a person is moving from one-time zone to another time zone. The body although acclimatized with the previous time zone remains in the previous set synchronized with the internal clock of the body. This undergoes change when the body shifts to a different time zone but still the internal clock stays in the previous time zone. This disrupts the sleep patterns within the people that travel by airlines from one country to another. When the internal clock forces the body to sleep but on the other hand external exposure to light prevents a person to sleep. This creates a situation called jet lag (20, 21, 22). Anxiety, pain and other medical conditions Studies have shown that psychological and the medical conditions have an adverse impact on the health as well as in sleep patterns. The several medical conditions which include chronic pain arising due to arthritis and other several other medical complications involving the premenstrual syndrome, gastroesophageal reflux. Like several other factors that disrupt the sleep patterns, discomfort and pain also tend to reduce and limit the sleep depth and only allow a brief period of sleep between awakenings. Generalization Individuals across all ages, experience the anxiety, depression and stress and it affects the quality of sleep. When an individual gets affected by the anxiety, stress, and depression then the sleep tends to be less deep. Body tends to react to such stimulus of pain because it is programmed to react to pain and body react to such situation by waking up during sleep. On the other hand, stress caused on a daily basis due to everyday work and exposure can also impact on the sleep patterns and quality of sleep. Specificity Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder that can be characterized by swelling and joint pain. In addition, it has been seen in half of the patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis experience sleep disturbances. The rate is higher and is 2 to 3 times more found in general population. several cross sectional researches have shown that sleep disturbances are closely related with the disruption in sleep quality (23, 24,25). Mediational analysis has shown that, depression acted as a main factor that significantly contributed to the sleep disorder. Also cross sectional study has reported that depression and pain all together play a major role in the self-reported sleep problems in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (26, 27). Sleep disorders also includes the other potential impactors like the depression and anxiety that lead to neuropsychological impairment, suicidal tendencies and drug abuse. Studies have shown that the effects of anxiety and depression are bidirectio nal. Which means sleep quality gets distorted due to depression and stress and on the other hand, both the stress and depression leads to loss of sleep (28, 29, 30 31). Effect on sleep due to chemical substances Several drugs and chemical substances both affect the quantity and quality of sleep. These substances include antihistamines, nicotine, alcohol, caffeine. At the same time antidepressants, alpha blockers and beta blockers tend to disrupt the sleep. Generalization Certain chemicals like adenosine starts to build up inside the brain when body starts to become weak. This although partly, is responsible for the sleep drive. Interestingly, the caffeine levels in the brain tend to stop the buildup of adenosine in brain. Specificity When the body tends to become weak, a chemical called adenosine builds up in brain. The occurrence is similar when body get tired and exhausted. Due to such tendencies, adenosine builds up in brain and taking caffeine reduces the levels of adenosine inside brain and acts as stimulant. This increases alertness and at the same time reduces the sleepiness. The presence of caffeine temporarily blocks the adenosine receptors in the specific parts of the brain (32,33,34). Alcohol on the other hand enhances sleep, because consuming alcohol reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of blood. When less oxygen reaches to the brain, the tendency of sleepiness increases (35,36,37). Comprehensive critique Biases Vandewalle et al. (8) selected 27 subjects genotyped for PER3 VNTR with known dependency of brain response in darkness on circadian rhythm, sleep homeostasis and genotype (non random sampling). This shows a limited scope of study that is targeted for a specific cohort based on the genetic makeup, and not a generalized study. The study only analyses the effect of light of different intensities and frequencies on brain activity, as studied by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Chang et al (2) selected 12 subjects in a randomized crossover design, who fulfilled 2 conditions, 1) Reading e-books before sleep 2) Reading printed books before sleep, both in dimly lit conditions, and analyzed the levels of melatonin in blood plasma, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and the length of each stage of sleep. However, the study limits itself to the effect of electronic light on the sleep quality of individuals, and does not include the effect of different frequencies of light as well as the time of exposure to light. Validity The validity of the study by Vandewall (8) can be attributed to the usage of fMRI to study the brain activity of the subjects. This allows the mapping of activities to specific areas of the brain like the cortical and sub cortical regions, as well as in fronto?polar, laterals prefrontal and premotor cortex, the intraparietal sulcus, insula, cerebellum and thalamus. However, the brain responses were not mapped to behavioral outcomes that can show how the quality of sleep is affected in the study. Instead, it uses the status of the brain activity as a measure of the effect of exposure to light. Validity of the studies by Chang et al. (2) can be attributed to the usage of the levels of melatonin in blood, to understand the propensity of quality sleep in the subjects. This allows a direct measurement of the possible sleepiness of the subjects, however, the total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and the length of each stage of sleep values were self-reported, and hence can be misreported by the subjects. Reliability Both the studies by Vanderwall et al. (8) and Chang et al. (2) utilize reliable methods in the assessment of the values (fMRI to measure brain activity or blood melatonin to measure propensity to sleep). These were both indirect approaches to understand how sleep quality can be affected. Melatonin levels being positively correlated to Limitations Studies by Vanderwall (8) was limited to low levels of irradiation exposed to the subjects, in addition to the non-inclusion of retinal rod cells in the con-classical response to light. The study was also non ransom, aimed at a cohort of particular genotype. Limitations in studies by Chang et al. (2) include the measurement of blood melatonin levels only on the fifth and final evening in each reading conditions. Also, the duration of the evening sessions of reading were limited to only 4 hours, which is significantly lesser than the average amount of time spent by a teenager in activities before bedtime. Additionally, the brightness setting of the eBook reader was preset at maximum brightness and the books were read in dimly lit conditions, and hence did not analyze the effect of other brightness settings on sleep. Finally, the study did not include the analysis of other electronic devices that emit lights of longer wavelengths, thus failing to study the effect of different spectrum of light on sleep. Sample Size Sample size selected by Vandewall et al. (8) was limited to 27 subjects, while that of Chang et al. (2) was limited to 12 subjects. Both the studies involved a small sample size. Novelty Value The novelty value of the study by Vandewall et al. (8) is the effect of light on brain activity and cognitive responses, which shows how sleepy or alert an individual can be expected to exhibit, under variant exposures to light, based on the circadian rhythm and sleep homeostasis. The novelty value for the study by Chang et al (2) shows how light emitting electronic readers can affect the circadian rhyme, and therefore the sleep quality of individuals. Application or Implications of the research: The findings of the research can be applied in our understanding on how circadian rhythms can be affected by exposure to light of varying duration and intensities, and how in turn that can affect the quality of sleep, level of alertness or sleepiness, and hence as an indicator of performance. Conclusion Therefore, from the study it can be concluded that, quality of sleep gets distorted due to several factors. The major factors include the social jet lag, working hours, the intensity of light and exposure to different wavelengths of light, chemicals, pain, anxiety and depression. Although certain aspects of sleep disorders can be controlled and managed, while the other factors remain unmanageable. Reference Turner JR, Gellman M. Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine. Springer; 2013. Chang AM, Aeschbach D, Duffy JF, Czeisler CA. Evening use of light-emitting eReaders negatively affects sleep, circadian timing, and next-morning alertness. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2015 Jan 27;112(4):1232-7. van der Lely S, Frey S, Garbazza C, Wirz-Justice A, Jenni OG, Steiner R, Wolf S, Cajochen C, Bromundt V, Schmidt C. Blue blocker glasses as a countermeasure for alerting effects of evening light-emitting diode screen exposure in male teenagers. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2015 Jan 31;56(1):113-9. Cajochen C, Frey S, Anders D, Spti J, Bues M, Pross A, Mager R, Wirz-Justice A, Stefani O. Evening exposure to a light-emitting diodes (LED)-backlit computer screen affects circadian physiology and cognitive performance. Journal of applied physiology. 2011 Mar 17;110(5):1432-8. Wood B, Rea MS, Plitnick B, Figueiro MG. Light level and duration of exposure determine the impact of self-luminous tablets on melatonin suppression. 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Lee YC, Lu B, Edwards RR, Wasan AD, Nassikas NJ, Clauw DJ, Solomon DH, Karlson EW. The role of sleep problems in central pain processing in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatology. 2013 Jan 1;65(1):59-68. Alvaro PK, Roberts RM, Harris JK. A systematic review assessing bidirectionality between sleep disturbances, anxiety, and depression. Sleep. 2013 Jul 1;36(7):1059-68. Alvaro PK. The bidirectionality of the relationship between insomnia, anxiety and depression in adolescents: a longitudinal study (Doctoral dissertation). Lovato N, Gradisar M. A meta-analysis and model of the relationship between sleep and depression in adolescents: recommendations for future research and clinical practice. Sleep Medicine Reviews. 2014 Dec 31;18(6):521-9. Shanahan L, Copeland WE, Angold A, Bondy CL, Costello EJ. Sleep problems predict and are predicted by generalized anxiety/depression and oppositional defiant disorder. 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Surf by The Social Experiment free essay sample

In 2014, up and coming hip-hop artist Chance the Rapper declared to his fans that his newest album, Surf, would be coming out by the end of the year. Besides the occasional singles he would release with his newest band, the Social Experiment, there has been nothing from Chance the Rapper lately. While many fans of Chance the Rapper were expecting and hoping for a third solo album, after 10 Day and Acid Rap, Chance has revealed the true core of Surf, and what it means. Through a cover page article in the magazine The Fader, the rapper from Chicago has revealed that Surf isn’t a solo album, but a collective album from the band the Social Experiment, in which Chance is but another member of the band. The Social Experiment formed how most bands formed, except they aren’t exactly a band. Better described as a music â€Å"group†, Social Experiment consists of Chance on vocals, Donnie Trumpet playing the trumpet, and a few other members. We will write a custom essay sample on Surf by The Social Experiment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Originally starting out as a tour for Chance and his friends, the Social Experiment developed into a group of friends recording music that they love, and it has evolved into a full-blown group that they nicknamed SoX. They have put out a total of 12 singles so far, and it has sculpted the group in a much different direction than the previous Acid Rap of Chance the Rapper. The group seems to be more focused on complex, deep songs infusing the jazz style of Donnie’s trumpet. The group has put out two videos so far, both showing a little more insight on the inner workings of the Social Experiment. Their first video, SoX Day, shows what a normal day in the life of a Social Experiment member would be like. Filmed by aspiring young filmmaker Austin Vehery, the film does an outstanding job of documenting Social Experiment. While this video was fairly straightforward, the second video, Nothing Came to Me, is much more confusing. It came out of nowhere, with Chance releasing it via Tw itter. It features famous model Cara Delevingne, which further confused fans of the Social Experiment. The video seems to make no sense, and being an experience unable to be conveyed in words, it shows the true skill of Chance and his friends. In an interview with the Breakfast Club, a popular radio talk show, Donnie and Chance explain the meaning of the name Surf. â€Å"Surf started off as a play on the surf culture of California, and how we wanted that growing up in Chicago† Donnie explained. â€Å"I guess we were also making a lot of wavy music at the time, so it made the name even more fitting†. Minutes later, Chance explained that the Social Experiment started out as a play on the fact that there will be so many â€Å"guest appearances† on the album, without the artist’s name in the title. This provides for an immersive listening experience, that the entirety of the band is hoping for. After all of the buildup, on May 28th, Chance the Rapper and the Social Experiment released Surf as the first completely free album on the iTunes store. While many are skeptical of the strange styles presented in Surf, others, including myself, accept the style with open arms. The album itself is described beautifully by Chance, when he says that â€Å"it’s the kind of album you have to listen to all the way through, and not just pick out a few songs.† This kind of immersion is exactly what the group was hoping for. However, some fan favorites include the songs Windows, Slip Slide, and Sunday Candy. The album has a multitude of different artists who appear on the album, including Busta Rhymes, Big Sean, and J Cole. The album, while meeting all of the standards and expectations of the Social Experiment itself, many fans were disappointed with the drastic change in style that Surf is. This has caused many listeners to be reluctant when listening to Surf. Most fans of Chance the Rapper were expecting a third solo album, which Surf is v ery far from. In total, Surf is an extremely different and unique album. It is unlike one that has ever been seen before, let alone from the Social Experiment. I can personally reccomend the album to everyone, as it will not be a disappointment.